NEIL3
Description
The NEIL3 (nei like DNA glycosylase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
NEIL3 is a protein in humans encoded by the NEIL3 gene. It belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial Fpg/Nei family. These glycosylases initiate the first step in base excision repair by cleaving bases damaged by reactive oxygen species and introducing a DNA strand break via the associated lyase reaction.
NEIL3 is a DNA glycosylase that prefers single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or partially single-stranded DNA structures, such as bubble and fork structures, over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). It plays a role in interstrand cross-link repair in response to replication stress by cleaving one of the two N-glycosyl bonds in the cross-link, preventing the formation of a double-strand break and generating an abasic site that can be bypassed by translesion synthesis polymerases. In vitro, NEIL3 exhibits strong glycosylase activity towards the hydantoin lesions spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and guanidinohydantoin (Gh) in both ssDNA and dsDNA, and also recognizes FapyA, FapyG, 5-OHU, 5-OHC, 5-OHMH, Tg, and 8-oxoA lesions in ssDNA. It has no activity on 8-oxoG. NEIL3 also shows weak DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase activity. In vivo, NEIL3 is the primary enzyme involved in removing Sp and Gh from ssDNA in neonatal tissues.
NEIL3 is also known as FGP2, FPG2, NEI3, ZGRF3, hFPG2, hNEI3.
