MYH10
Description
The MYH10 (myosin heavy chain 10) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
MYH10 gene encodes Myosin-10, also known as myosin heavy chain 10 or non-muscle myosin IIB (NM-IIB). Non-muscle myosins are expressed across various tissues, but NM-IIB is uniquely found in cardiac muscle, where it localizes to adherens junctions within intercalated discs. It is essential for normal cardiac muscle development and intercalated disc integrity. Mutations in MYH10 are linked to left atrial enlargement. NM-IIB is a 228.9 kDa protein with 1976 amino acids. Its structure features an N-terminal globular head with the catalytic Mg-ATPase activity and a C-terminal rod domain that forms filaments through multimerization with other myosin molecules. Two light chains bind to the neck region; MLC17 stabilizes the molecule, and MLC20 regulates contraction. The alternatively spliced NM-IIB2 isoform has a 21-amino-acid insertion near the actin-binding domain, resulting in actomyosin MgATPase activity that isn't enhanced by MLC20 phosphorylation. NM-IIB belongs to the myosin II subfamily, which also includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle myosins.
MYH10 encodes a cellular myosin that plays a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions like secretion and capping. It collaborates with LARP6 in stabilizing type I collagen mRNAs (CO1A1 and CO1A2). During cell spreading, MYH10 significantly contributes to cytoskeleton reorganization, focal contact formation (primarily in the central region of spreading cells), and lamellipodial extension. Notably, this function is mechanically opposed by MYH9.
MYH10 is also known as NMMHC-IIB, NMMHCB.
Associated Diseases
- coloboma
- thyroid gland adenocarcinoma
- multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome-intellectual disability
- jaw-winking syndrome
- congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles
