MX1
Description
The MX1 (MX dynamin like GTPase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 21.
The MX1 gene encodes the interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1, a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to both the dynamin superfamily and the family of large GTPases. It is homologous to the mouse Mx protein, which is responsible for antiviral activity against influenza virus infection. The human MX1 protein, MxA, is a major determinant for influenza viruses of animal origin. Like its mouse counterpart, the human MX1 protein is characterized by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis.
The human MX1 gene encodes a protein with antiviral activity against a wide range of RNA viruses and some DNA viruses, including negative-stranded RNA viruses and Hepatitis B virus (HBV). MX1 functions by binding and inactivating the ribonucleocapsid of these viruses. It may also interfere with the replication of Reoviridae and Asfarviridae. MX1 inhibits Thogoto virus (THOV) replication by preventing the nuclear import of viral nucleocapsids. It inhibits La Crosse virus (LACV) replication by sequestering viral nucleoprotein in perinuclear complexes, preventing genome amplification, budding, and egress. MX1 inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) replication by decreasing or delaying NP synthesis and blocking endocytic traffic of incoming virus particles. Additionally, MX1 enhances ER stress-mediated cell death after influenza virus infection and may regulate the calcium channel activity of TRPCs.
MX1 is also known as IFI-78K, IFI78, MX, MxA, lncMX1-215.
