TRRAP
Description
The TRRAP (transformation/transcription domain associated protein) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein, also known as TRRAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRRAP gene. TRRAP belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase protein family.
== Function == TRRAP is an adaptor protein, which is found in various multiprotein chromatin complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT), which in turn is responsible for epigenetic transcription activation. TRRAP has a central role in MYC (c-Myc) transcription activation, and also participates in cell transformation by MYC. It is required for p53/TP53-, E2F1-, and E2F4-mediated transcription activation. It is also involved in transcription activation mediated by the adenovirus E1A, a viral oncoprotein that deregulates transcription of key genes. TRRAP is also required for the mitotic checkpoint and normal cell cycle progression. The MRN complex (composed of MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1) is involved in the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). TRRAP associates with the MRN complex and when TRRAP is removed, the complex shows reduced cDNA end-joining activity. Hence, TRRAP may function as a link between DSB repair and chromatin remodeling.
== Interactions == Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein has been shown to interact with:
ACTL6A, EP400, MAX, Myc, PCAF, SUPT3H, and TAF9.
TRRAP acts as an adaptor protein, connecting various multiprotein chromatin complexes to histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, thus contributing to epigenetic transcription activation. It is part of the NuA4 HAT complex, which specifically acetylates histone H4 and H2A, playing a crucial role in MYC transcription activation and cell transformation induced by MYC. It is also required for transcription activation mediated by p53/TP53, E2F1 and E2F4, as well as adenovirus E1A. Its function may involve linking transcription factors like E1A, MYC, or E2F1 to HAT complexes such as STAGA, facilitating transcription activation. While histone acetylation is likely not its primary function, TRRAP is involved in regulating the mitotic checkpoint and cell cycle progression. It is also a component of a SWR1-like complex that removes histone H2A.Z/H2AZ1 from the nucleosome. It is potentially involved in the development of the auditory system.
TRRAP is also known as DEDDFA, DFNA75, PAF350/400, PAF400, STAF40, TR-AP, Tra1.
