GLUD1
Description
The GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life, with a key role in nitrogen and glutamate (Glu) metabolism and energy homeostasis. This dehydrogenase is expressed at high levels in liver, brain, pancreas and kidney, but not in muscle. In the pancreatic cells, GLUD1 is thought to be involved in insulin secretion mechanisms. In nervous tissue, where glutamate is present in concentrations higher than in the other tissues, GLUD1 appears to function in both the synthesis and the catabolism of glutamate and perhaps in ammonia detoxification.
== Structure ==
=== Gene ===
Human GLUD1 contains 13 exons and is located on the 10th chromosome. There is evidence that GLUD1 has been retro-posed to the X chromosome, where it gave rise to the intronless GLUD2 through random mutations and natural selection. GLUD2 have adapted to the particular needs of the nervous system where it is specifically expressed.
=== Protein ===
GLUD1 is a hexamer. The monomer unit has:
N-terminal Glu-BD(Binding domain) that is composed mostly of β-strands. NAD-BD - can bind either NAD+ or NADP+.
Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate. Plays a key role in glutamine anaplerosis by producing alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Plays a role in insulin homeostasis. May be involved in learning and memory reactions by increasing the turnover of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.
GLUD1 is also known as GDH, GDH1, GLUD, hGDH1.
