ITGAV
Description
The ITGAV (integrin subunit alpha V) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene.
== Function == ITGAV encodes integrin alpha chain V. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Alpha V undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, that combine with multiple integrin beta chains to form different integrins. Among the known associating beta chains (beta chains 1,3,5,6, and 8; ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6, and ITGB8), each can interact with extracellular matrix ligands; the alpha V beta 3 integrin, perhaps the most studied of these, is referred to as the Vitronectin receptor (VNR). In addition to adhesion, many integrins are known to facilitate signal transduction.
== Alpha V class integrins == In mammals the integrins that include alpha-V are :
== Clinical significance == Overexpression of the ITGAV gene is associated with progression and spread of colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.
== As a drug target == The mAbs intetumumab, and abituzumab target this protein which is found on some tumour cells.
ITGAV (Integrin alpha-V) is a cell surface receptor involved in cell adhesion and signaling. It forms heterodimers with different beta subunits (ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6, and ITGB8), each recognizing specific ligands. ITGAV binds to various extracellular matrix components like vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, and fibrinogen, often recognizing the R-G-D sequence in these ligands. ITGAV:ITGB3, the most studied alpha-V integrin, is crucial for binding to vitronectin (Vitronectin receptor). This receptor is involved in a range of cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis. Beyond ECM components, ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to signaling molecules like fractalkine (CX3CL1), NRG1, FGF1, FGF2, IGF1, IGF2, and IL1B, facilitating their signaling pathways. It interacts with PLA2G2A, a phospholipase, altering integrin conformation and ligand binding. ITGAV:ITGB6 and ITGAV:ITGB8 play roles in TGF-beta-1 activation by binding to fibrillin-1 and releasing latent TGF-beta-1. ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for CD40LG and IBSP, promoting cell adhesion and migration. ITGAV also interacts with viral proteins, acting as a receptor for Adenovirus type C, Coxsackievirus A9 and B1, Herpes virus 8/HHV-8, herpes simplex 1/HHV-1, Human parechovirus 1, and West Nile virus. ITGAV interaction with HIV-1 Tat protein enhances angiogenesis. ITGAV is involved in various cellular interactions, interacting with CIB1, RAB25, FBLN5, CCN3, ADGRA2, FGF2, IL1B, SELP, CX3CR1, NRG1, FGFR1, IGF1R, IGF2, FBN1, CD9, CD81, CD151, TGFB1, PTN, and viral proteins.
ITGAV is also known as CD51, MSK8, VNRA, VTNR.
