TNFSF12
Description
The TNFSF12 (TNF superfamily member 12) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 12, also known as TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), is a protein encoded by the TNFSF12 gene in humans. It is a cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family and acts as a ligand for the FN14/TWEAKR receptor. While sharing some signaling functions with TNF, TWEAK exhibits a broader tissue distribution. The primary source of TWEAK is leukocytes, including resting and activated monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. TWEAK can trigger apoptosis through multiple cell death pathways in a cell type-specific manner. It also promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, making it a key regulator of angiogenesis. Excessive activation of the TWEAK pathway in chronic injury can lead to pathological tissue changes, including chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. For instance, in chronic liver disease, TWEAK expression is increased and causes hepatic stellate cells, key regulators of liver fibrosis, to proliferate.
TNFSF12 is also known as APO3L, DR3LG, TNLG4A, TWEAK.
