TNFRSF9
Description
The TNFRSF9 (TNF receptor superfamily member 9) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
CD137, also known as TNFRSF9, 4-1BB, and induced by lymphocyte activation (ILA), is a type 1 transmembrane protein found on the surface of leukocytes and non-immune cells. It belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. CD137 is a key player in the immune system, acting as a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. It's only expressed on the cell surface after T cell activation. When T cells are activated by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), CD137 becomes embedded in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CD137 acts as a costimulatory molecule, promoting T cell proliferation, dendritic cell maturation, and B cell antibody secretion. T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling trigger the expression of CD137 on T cell membranes. When CD137 binds to its ligand, it leads to CD137 upregulation, forming a positive feedback loop. This interaction stimulates T cell cytokine production and proliferation, among other signaling pathway responses.
TNFRSF9 is also known as 4-1BB, CD137, CDw137, ILA, IMD109.
