NFKB1
Description
The NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene. This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NF-κB) protein complex. NF-κB is a transcription factor that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NF-κB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions; over 200 known genes are targets of NF-κB in various cell types, under specific conditions. Inappropriate activation of NF-κB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NF-κB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth.
== Interactions == NFKB1 has been shown to interact with:
== References ==
== Further reading ==
== External links == NFKB1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) FactorBook NFKB
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
NF-kappa-B is a vital transcription factor found in virtually every cell type, playing a critical role in numerous biological processes including inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. It functions as a homo- or heterodimeric complex composed of proteins like RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL, and NFKB2/p52. The most common form is the p65-p50 heterodimer. These dimers bind to specific DNA sequences known as kappa-B sites in the genes they regulate, with each dimer having distinct preferences for these sites and varying binding strengths. Depending on their composition, NF-kappa-B dimers can act as either transcriptional activators or repressors. NF-kappa-B is tightly controlled through various mechanisms including post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and interactions with other regulatory proteins. In its inactive state, it resides in the cytoplasm bound to proteins from the I-kappa-B family. Upon activation by various stimuli, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) and subsequently degraded, releasing the active NF-kappa-B complex to translocate into the nucleus. The p65-p50 and RelB-p50 heterodimers primarily function as activators of gene transcription, while the p50-p50 homodimer acts as a repressor, although it can also function as an activator when associated with BCL3.
NFKB1 is also known as CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1, NF-kappaB, NF-kappabeta, NFKB-p105, NFKB-p50, NFkappaB.
