JAK1
Description
The JAK1 (Janus kinase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g. IL-6R, IL-11R, LIF-R, OSM-R, cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R), ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R), neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and Leptin-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling. Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and metastasize to other parts of the body.
JAK1 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the IFN-alpha/beta/gamma signaling pathway. It interacts with the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and IL-10 receptor, as well as the type I interferon receptor IFNAR2. Upon interferon binding to the IFNAR1-IFNAR2 heterodimer, JAK1 phosphorylates and activates IFNAR2, creating docking sites for STAT proteins. It directly phosphorylates STAT proteins and activates STAT signaling through the transactivation of other JAK kinases associated with signaling receptors.
JAK1 is also known as AIIDE, JAK1A, JAK1B, JTK3.
