CYBB : cytochrome b-245 beta chain
Description
The CYBB (cytochrome b-245 beta chain) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
The CYBB gene provides instructions for making a protein called cytochrome b-245, beta chain (also known as p91-phox). This protein is a subunit of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex, which is crucial for the immune system. CYBB forms a functional complex with the alpha chain (from the CYBA gene). NADPH oxidase is primarily active in phagocytes, which are immune cells that destroy foreign invaders like bacteria and fungi. This enzyme converts oxygen into superoxide, a toxic molecule that generates other substances like hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, which are used to kill invaders.
CYBB protein is a critical component of NADPH oxidase, an enzyme complex that generates superoxide in phagocytes. It acts as the terminal component of a respiratory chain, transferring electrons from NADPH across the plasma membrane to oxygen. Additionally, CYBB functions as a voltage-gated proton channel, mediating proton currents in resting phagocytes and regulating cellular pH. Zinc inhibits this channel activity.
CYBB is also known as AMCBX2, CGD, CGDX, GP91-1, GP91-PHOX, GP91PHOX, IMD34, NOX2, p91-PHOX.
Associated Diseases
- Atypical mycobacteriosis, familial, X-linked 2
- Chronic granulomatous disease, X-linked
- Chronic granulomatous disease
