TLR3
Description
The TLR3 (toll like receptor 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 4.
TLR3, also known as CD283, is a protein encoded by the TLR3 gene in humans. It belongs to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLR3 specifically recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) within endosomes, a common feature of viral genomes internalized by macrophages and dendritic cells. TLR3 is highly expressed in the placenta and pancreas, and is primarily found in dendritic cells. Upon recognizing dsRNA, TLR3 activates signaling pathways involving IRF3 and NF-κB, leading to the production of type I interferons. Unlike other TLRs, TLR3 exclusively utilizes TRIF as its adaptor protein.
TLR3, a crucial component of both innate and adaptive immunity, plays a critical role in the host's defense against pathogens. This toll-like receptor (TLR) recognizes molecular patterns specific to microorganisms, particularly double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a hallmark of viral infection. Upon activation by dsRNA, TLR3 triggers a signaling cascade via the adaptor protein TRIF/TICAM1, leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, nuclear translocation of IRF3, secretion of cytokines, and ultimately, the inflammatory response.
TLR3 is also known as CD283, IIAE2, IMD83.
