IL1B
Description
The IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
IL1B, also known as interleukin-1 beta, leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor, and other names, is a cytokine protein encoded by the IL1B gene. There are two genes for interleukin-1: IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta (this gene). The IL-1β precursor is cleaved by cytosolic caspase 1 (interleukin 1 beta convertase) to form mature IL-1β. IL-1β is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. It is produced by activated macrophages, monocytes, and a subset of dendritic cells known as slanDC, as a proprotein. This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
IL1B is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, initially identified as the major endogenous pyrogen. It stimulates prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. IL1B promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells and synergizes with IL12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 cells. It contributes to angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production in conjunction with TNF and IL6. IL1B plays a role in inflammation downstream of pyroptosis, with its mature form released extracellularly through the gasdermin-D pore. It acts as a sensor of S.pyogenes infection in skin, being cleaved and activated by pyogenes SpeB protease, triggering an inflammatory response that inhibits bacterial growth during invasive skin infections.
IL1B is also known as IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta.
