HDAC2

Description

The HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme encoded by the HDAC2 gene in humans. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes, responsible for removing acetyl groups from lysine residues on the N-terminal region of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). This action influences gene expression by facilitating the formation of transcription repressor complexes. As a result, HDAC2 is often considered a key target for cancer therapy. Although the function of the class to which HDAC2 belongs is well-studied, the mechanism of interaction between HDAC2 and other classes of histone deacetylases remains unclear. HDAC2 is regulated by protein kinase 2 (CK2) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), but its regulation is more complex, evident from the coexistence of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in various protein complexes. The precise mechanism of HDAC2 regulation is yet to be fully elucidated, despite proposed mechanisms involving p300/CBP-associated factor and HDAC5 in the context of cardiac reprogramming. HDAC2 is a potential target for treating various diseases due to its involvement in cell cycle progression. It has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), osteosarcoma, and stomach cancer. The active site of HDAC2 contains a Zn2+ ion coordinated to the carbonyl group of a lysine substrate and a water molecule.

HDAC2 is a histone deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. This process, known as histone deacetylation, is a key mechanism for epigenetic repression, influencing gene expression, cell cycle progression, and development. HDAC2 functions within large multiprotein complexes, forming transcriptional repressor complexes with proteins like MAD, SIN3, YY1, and N-COR. It is also a component of the NuRD complex, which remodels chromatin, and the SIN3B complex, which represses transcription. HDAC2 can also deacetylate non-histone targets, like TSHZ3, regulating its transcriptional repressor activity. HDAC2 further acts as a protein-lysine deacylase, removing crotonyl and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl groups from lysine residues, leading to protein decrotonylation and de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation.

HDAC2 is also known as HD2, KDAC2, RPD3, YAF1.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing