HACD3
Description
The HACD3 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15.
HACD3 is an enzyme involved in the third step of the long-chain fatty acid elongation cycle, a process that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. This process adds two carbon atoms to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Specifically, HACD3 catalyzes the dehydration of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA intermediate into trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA within each cycle of fatty acid elongation. This contributes to the production of VLCFAs with various chain lengths, which play important roles in various biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. HACD3 has also been implicated in Rac1 signaling pathways, potentially influencing gene expression. Additionally, it promotes insulin receptor (INSR) autophosphorylation and is involved in the internalization of INSR. There is evidence suggesting that HACD3 interacts with enzymes of the ELO family, particularly ELOVL1, and may be part of a larger fatty acid elongase complex. It has been shown to interact with RAC1 and associate with internalized INSR complexes on Golgi/endosomal membranes. Along with ATIC and PRKAA2/AMPK2, HACD3 is proposed to be part of a signaling network that regulates INSR autophosphorylation and endocytosis.
HACD3 is also known as B-IND1, BIND1, HSPC121, PTPLAD1.
