GZMB
Description
The GZMB (granzyme B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 14.
Granzyme B is a serine protease encoded by the GZMB gene in humans. It is expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, which are responsible for recognizing and eliminating infected cells. These cells recognize 'nonself' antigens on the surface of target cells, usually peptides or proteins produced by intracellular pathogens. Granzyme B plays a vital role in the rapid induction of apoptosis in target cells by CTL during cell-mediated immune responses.
Granzyme B is a protease found in the granules of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. It is delivered into target cells via the immunological synapse and triggers pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, by cleaving gasdermin-E (GSDME). Granzyme B also cleaves after aspartic acid residues, activating caspases such as CASP3, CASP9, and CASP10, leading to apoptosis. Additionally, Granzyme B cleaves and activates CASP7 in response to bacterial infection, promoting plasma membrane repair.
GZMB is also known as C11, CCPI, CGL-1, CGL1, CSP-B, CSPB, CTLA1, CTSGL1, HLP, SECT.
Associated Diseases
- hemophagocytic syndrome
- glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase H-subunit deficiency
- alcohol sensitivity, acute
