GPR17
GPR17: A Novel Receptor with Diverse Roles in Physiology and Disease
Description
GPR17, also known as the orphan GPCR 31 (GPR31), is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It is a protein comprised of seven transmembrane domains and is primarily located on the cell surface. GPR17 binds to a wide range of ligands, including lipids, peptides, and endo/cannabinoids, and its activation triggers intracellular signaling cascades that mediate diverse cellular responses.
Associated Diseases
Dysregulation of GPR17 has been implicated in the development and progression of several diseases, including:
- Obesity and Metabolic Disorders: GPR17 has been linked to insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. Studies suggest that GPR17 activation enhances glucose uptake and lipid metabolism, and its deficiency may contribute to metabolic dysfunction.
- Cancer: GPR17 overexpression has been observed in various cancers, including prostate, breast, and lung cancer. Its activation promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, indicating a potential role in tumor growth and metastasis.
- Cardiovascular Diseases: GPR17 plays a role in regulating heart function and vascular tone. Its activation can protect against myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias, while its inhibition may contribute to cardiovascular disease.
- Neurological Disorders: GPR17 is expressed in the central nervous system and has been implicated in regulating neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. GPR17 deficiency has been linked to autism spectrum disorder and Schizophrenia.
Did you Know ?
A recent study found that individuals with a genetic variation in the GPR17 gene have a 30% increased risk of developing obesity. This highlights the important role of GPR17 in maintaining metabolic balance and preventing weight gain.
