GOLGA2
Description
The GOLGA2 (golgin A2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9.
GOLGA2 is a protein encoded by the GOLGA2 gene in humans. It is a member of the golgin family, which are proteins localized to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is involved in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway. GOLGA2 has been proposed to play roles in the stacking of Golgi cisternae and vesicular transport. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. A patient with a neuromuscular disorder has been identified with a deletion mutation in GOLGA2, and morpholino knockdown in zebrafish has shown similar phenotypes.
GOLGA2 is a peripheral membrane protein located in the cis-Golgi stack, where it acts as a membrane skeleton, maintaining the structure of the Golgi apparatus, and as a vesicle tether, facilitating vesicle fusion to the Golgi membrane. It is essential for normal protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and the cell membrane. It interacts with other proteins, such as p115/USO1 and STX5, to regulate vesicle tethering and fusion at the cis-Golgi membrane, ensuring the maintenance of the stacked and interconnected structure of the Golgi apparatus. GOLGA2 plays a pivotal role in mitotic Golgi disassembly, as phosphorylation at Ser-37 by CDK1 at the onset of mitosis inhibits its interaction with p115/USO1, preventing tethering of COPI vesicles and thereby inhibiting transport through the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. Furthermore, it significantly contributes to spindle pole assembly and centrosome organization. It promotes the mitotic spindle pole assembly by activating the spindle assembly factor TPX2 to nucleate microtubules around the Golgi and capture them to couple mitotic membranes to the spindle. GOLGA2 also regulates the meiotic spindle pole assembly and centrosome organization. In addition to its roles in protein transport and mitosis, GOLGA2 is required for the formation of the Golgi ribbon and the glycosylation of membrane and secretory proteins.
GOLGA2 is also known as DEDHMB, GM130.
