GAB2
Description
The GAB2 (GRB2 associated binding protein 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.
GAB2, also known as GRB2-associated-binding protein 2, is a protein encoded by the GAB2 gene in humans. It's a docking protein with a folded PH domain attached to the cell membrane and a large disordered region, which interacts with signaling molecules. GAB2 is a member of the GAB/DOS family localized on the internal membrane of the cell and acts as a crucial link between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-RTK receptors. It activates downstream signaling pathways by mediating interactions with SHP2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Grb2, ERK, and AKT. GAB2 plays a significant role in various physiological functions, including growth in bone marrow and cardiac function. However, it has also been implicated in several diseases, such as leukemia and Alzheimer's disease. GAB2 was discovered in the mid-1990s as a binding protein and substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2/PTPN11. Its sequence homology to GAB1 led to its independent cloning by other research groups.
GAB2 is a critical signaling adaptor protein involved in various cellular processes. It acts downstream of several membrane receptors, including cytokine, antigen, hormone, cell matrix, and growth factor receptors, to regulate diverse signaling pathways. One key role of GAB2 is in osteoclast differentiation, where it mediates TNFRSF11A/RANK signaling. In allergic responses, GAB2 contributes to mast cell activation and degranulation by regulating PI-3-kinase. Additionally, GAB2 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and hematopoiesis.
GAB2 is also known as -.
