FGL2
Description
The FGL2 (fibrinogen like 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
Fibrinogen-like protein 2, also known as FGL2, is a protein encoded by the FGL2 gene in humans. It is a secreted protein composed of 439 amino acids and shares similarities with the β- and γ-chains of fibrinogen. The protein's carboxyl-terminus contains fibrinogen-related domains (FRED). FGL2 forms a tetrameric complex held together by disulfide bonds. This protein is believed to play a role in regulating immune responses at mucosal surfaces. FGL2 exhibits pleiotropic effects within the body and acts as an important immune regulator for both innate and adaptive immune responses. It exists in two forms: a Type II transmembrane protein (with the carboxy terminus on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane) found on macrophages and endothelial cells, and a secreted form released by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Membrane-bound FGL2 (mFGL2) possesses prothrombinase activity, leading to fibrin deposition, vascular thrombosis, and tissue inflammation. This activity contributes to the innate immune response and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral-induced fulminant hepatitis during acute hepatitis B infections. The HBV nucleocapsid protein significantly upregulates mFGL2 expression, resulting in fibrin deposition within the liver's vasculature network and subsequent hepatocellular necrosis.
FGL2 may be involved in regulating immune responses at mucosal surfaces, potentially influencing lymphocyte activity in these areas.
FGL2 is also known as T49, pT49.
Associated Diseases
- autoinflammatory syndrome
- cancer
- nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma
- gastrointestinal stromal tumor
- Pallister-Hall syndrome
