ENO2
Description
The ENO2 (enolase 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
ENO2, also known as gamma-enolase or neuron-specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme encoded by the ENO2 gene in humans. It acts as a phosphopyruvate hydratase. ENO2 is one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is present in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. During development in rats and primates, a switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue. ENO2 can be detected using antibodies to identify neuronal cells and cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. It is produced by small-cell carcinomas, which are neuroendocrine in origin, making it a valuable tumor marker for distinguishing small-cell carcinomas from other tumors.
ENO2 exhibits neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. It binds to cultured neocortical neurons in a calcium-dependent manner, promoting cell survival.
ENO2 is also known as HEL-S-279, NSE.
Associated Diseases
- hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome
- endometrial cancer
- sarcoidosis
- Miyoshi myopathy
- nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma
