ENO1
Description
The ENO1 (enolase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
ENO1, also known as alpha-enolase, is a glycolytic enzyme expressed in most tissues, one of the isozymes of enolase. Each isozyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase also functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. Alternative splicing of this gene results in a shorter isoform that has been shown to bind to the c-myc promoter and function as a tumor suppressor. Several pseudogenes have been identified, including one on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alpha-enolase has also been identified as an autoantigen in Hashimoto encephalopathy. ENO1 is one of three enolase isoforms, the other two being ENO2 (ENO-γ) and ENO3 (ENO-β). Each isoform is a protein subunit that can hetero- or homodimerize to form αα, αβ, αγ, ββ, and γγ dimers. The ENO1 gene spans 18 kb and lacks a TATA box while possessing multiple transcription start sites. A hypoxia-responsive element can be found in the ENO1 promoter and allows the enzyme to function in aerobic glycolysis and contribute to the Warburg effect in tumor cells.
ENO1 is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. In addition to its role in glycolysis, ENO1 is involved in various cellular processes, including growth control, hypoxia tolerance, and allergic responses. ENO1 may also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system by serving as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of leukocytes and neurons. ENO1 also stimulates immunoglobulin production.
ENO1 is also known as ENO1-IT1, ENO1L1, HEL-S-17, MPB1, NNE, PPH.
