ELL3
Description
The ELL3 (elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15.
Elongation factor RNA polymerase II-like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELL3 gene.
ELL3 is an enhancer-binding elongation factor that specifically binds enhancers in embryonic stem cells (ES cells), marking them for future activation during stem cell specification. ELL3 binds not only to active enhancers but also to poised or inactive enhancers in ES cells, playing a crucial role in establishing proper RNA polymerase II occupancy at developmentally regulated genes in a cohesin-dependent manner. ELL3 is likely involved in priming developmentally regulated genes for later recruitment of the super elongation complex (SEC) during transcriptional activation during differentiation. It is required for the recruitment of P-TEFb within SEC during differentiation. ELL3 is possibly preloaded on germ cell chromatin, suggesting it may prime gene activation by marking enhancers as early as in the germ cells. It may also promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a component of the super elongation complex (SEC), ELL3 increases the catalytic rate of RNA polymerase II transcription by suppressing transient pausing by the polymerase along the DNA. It is also part of the little elongation complex (LEC), which regulates small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase II and III.
ELL3 is also known as -.
