DPH5
Description
The DPH5 (diphthamide biosynthesis 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
The DPH5 gene encodes a component of the diphthamide synthesis pathway. Diphthamide, a post-translationally modified histidine residue found exclusively on translation elongation factor 2, is conserved from archaebacteria to humans. Its significance lies in its vulnerability to attack by diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A, which halt cellular protein synthesis by targeting diphthamide. Analogous proteins in yeast and Chinese hamsters catalyze the trimethylation of histidine on elongation factor 2, generating a diphthine moiety that undergoes subsequent amidation to produce diphthamide. This gene exhibits multiple transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms.
Diphthine methyl ester synthase (DPH5) is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes four successive methylation reactions on a modified histidine residue within translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2). This process forms an intermediate called diphthine methyl ester and constitutes the second step of diphthamide biosynthesis.
DPH5 is also known as AD-018, CGI-30, HSPC143, NEDSFF, NPD015.
