DIO1
Description
The DIO1 (iodothyronine deiodinase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
DIO1 encodes an enzyme known as iodothyronine deiodinase, which is involved in the activation and deactivation of thyroid hormones. These enzymes are unique because they contain selenium in the form of selenocysteine. DIO1 plays a crucial role in converting thyroxine (T4), the precursor of the active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), into T3. T3, in turn, binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors and influences gene expression in virtually all vertebrate cells. DIO1 can also inactivate thyroid hormones by removing an iodine atom from the inner ring, converting thyroxine to inactive reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) or the active triiodothyronine to diiodothyronine (T2). The majority of thyroxine deiodination occurs within cells.
DIO1 is also known as 5DI, THMA2, TXDI1.
