GRHL3
Description
The GRHL3 (grainyhead like transcription factor 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
GRHL3 is a transcription factor that plays crucial roles in primary neurulation and the differentiation of stratified epithelia, originating from both ectoderm and endoderm. It directly binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3' and acts as both an activator and a repressor on different target genes. GRHL3 exhibits functional redundancy with GRHL2 during epidermal morphogenetic events and wound repair. However, it is essential for forming the epidermal barrier, with TGM3 as a key target gene. While dispensable during normal epidermal homeostasis in adulthood, GRHL3 becomes crucial for barrier repair after immune-mediated epidermal damage. It regulates distinct gene sets involved in embryonic epidermal differentiation and adult epidermal barrier reformation following injury. GRHL3 and GRHL2 cooperate in establishing distinct zones during primary neurulation. GRHL3 is essential for spinal closure, working together with GRHL2 for the closure of the forebrain/midbrain boundary and the posterior neuropore. It is also required for the proper development of the oral periderm. Although no genetic interaction or functional cooperativity has been observed between GRHL3 and GRHL2, this is likely due to their diverse target gene selectivity. GRHL3 can form homodimers and heterodimers with GRHL1 and GRHL2. It also interacts with LMO4.
GRHL3 is also known as SOM, TFCP2L4, VWS2.
