CYP2S1
Description
The CYP2S1 (cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily S member 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
CYP2S1 is a protein encoded by the CYP2S1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.2. It is highly expressed in epithelial tissues of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary tracts, and skin, as well as in leukocytes of the monocyte/macrophage and lymphocyte series. CYP2S1 is also expressed during embryogenesis and in certain types of cancers.
CYP2S1 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. In rodents, the homologous protein has been shown to metabolize certain carcinogens. In humans, CYP2S1 has been shown to metabolize all-trans-retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid and 5, 6-epoxy-retinoic acid, suggesting a role in processing retinoic acid in tissues where it is highly expressed, such as the skin.
CYP2S1 is significantly overexpressed in the skin of Han Chinese patients with psoriasis, and its gene is significantly hypomethylated. This suggests that it plays a role in the development of psoriasis. CYP2S1 has also been linked to the growth and/or spread of certain tumors of epithelial cell origin. Higher expression of CYP2S1 in breast or colorectal cancer tissues is associated with shorter survival times or poor prognoses, respectively. CYP2S1 is also more highly expressed in metastasis compared to primary tumor tissues of ovarian cancer.
CYP2S1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids and eicosanoids. In the epidermis, it contributes to the oxidative metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid. It uses molecular oxygen to insert one oxygen atom into a substrate and reduce the second into a water molecule. Two electrons are provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase. CYP2S1 also exhibits peroxidase and isomerase activities towards various oxygenated eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoates (HPETEs). Importantly, CYP2S1 can catalyze the breakdown of PGH2 to hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which is known to mediate DNA damage, independently of cytochrome P450 reductase, NADPH, and O2.
CYP2S1 is also known as CYPIIS1.
