CSH1
Description
The CSH1 (chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 17.
Human placental lactogen (hPL), also called human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or human chorionic somatotropin, is a polypeptide placental hormone, the human form of placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin). Its structure and function are similar to those of human growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate energy supply to the fetus. hPL has anti-insulin properties. hPL is a hormone secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast during pregnancy. Like human growth hormone, hPL is encoded by genes on chromosome 17q22-24. It was identified in 1963.
== Structure == hPL molecular mass is 22 125 Da and contains single chain consisting of 191 amino acid residues that are linked by two disulfide bonds and the structure contains 8 helices. A crystal structure of hPL was determined by X-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.0 Å.
== Levels == hPL is present only during pregnancy, with maternal serum levels rising in relation to the growth of the fetus and placenta. Maximum levels are reached near term, typically to 5–7 mg/L. Higher levels are noted in patients with multiple gestation.
CSH1 is also known as CS-1, CSA, CSMT, GHB3, PL, hCS-1, hCS-A.
Associated Diseases
- short stature due to GHSR deficiency
- ANE syndrome
- non-acquired combined pituitary hormone deficiency with spine abnormalities
- pituitary adenocarcinoma
- panhypopituitarism
- isolated growth hormone deficiency type II
- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 6 with or without anosmia
- postaxial polydactyly-anterior pituitary anomalies-facial dysmorphism syndrome
- isolated growth hormone deficiency type IB
