COX6B2
Description
The COX6B2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
COX6B2 gene encodes cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 2, a component of the cytochrome c oxidase complex (Complex IV), the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The COX6B2 gene is located on chromosome 19 and contains 5 exons. The protein weighs 11 kDa and consists of 88 amino acids. Complex IV is a heteromeric complex containing 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits carry out electron transfer and proton pumping activities, while the nuclear-encoded subunits, including COX6B2, may regulate and assemble the complex.
COX6B2 is a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the final enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. This chain involves three multisubunit complexes: succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III), and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). These complexes collaborate to transfer electrons from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, generating an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient fuels transmembrane transport and the activity of ATP synthase. COX catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space are transported via the dinuclear copper A center in subunit 2 and heme A in subunit 1 to the active site, a binuclear center composed of heme A3 and copper B. This center utilizes 4 electrons from cytochrome c and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix to reduce molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules.
COX6B2 is also known as COXVIB2, CT59.
