CH25H
Description
The CH25H (cholesterol 25-hydroxylase) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10.
CH25H catalyzes the formation of 25-hydroxycholesterol from cholesterol, which represses cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes. It also plays a role in cell positioning and movement in lymphoid tissues through the production of 7-alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol that acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR183/EBI2. CH25H may regulate lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing. As an interferon-stimulated gene, CH25H exhibits broad antiviral activities against enveloped viruses like vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). 25-hydroxycholesterol activates the ER-localized enzyme ACAT, inducing internalization of cholesterol on the plasma membrane and restricting SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion, thereby inhibiting viral replication. In the testes, macrophages produce 25-hydroxycholesterol, contributing to Leydig cell differentiation. CH25H is essential for restraining inflammation in macrophages by protecting them from cholesterol overload, preventing mitochondrial DNA release and subsequent activation of the AIM2 inflammasome.
CH25H is also known as C25H.
Associated Diseases
- 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis
- 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development
- isolated congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- immune deficiency, familial variable
- classic Hodgkin lymphoma
