LIPG
Description
The LIPG (lipase G, endothelial type) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 18.
Endothelial lipase (LIPG) is a lipase secreted by vascular endothelial cells in tissues with high metabolic rates and vascularization, such as the liver, lung, kidney, and thyroid gland. LIPG plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including lipoprotein metabolism, cytokine expression, and lipid composition in cells. Unlike other lipases that primarily hydrolyze triglycerides, LIPG preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipids. This specific activity contributes to multiple vital systems within the body. Although LIPG has beneficial roles, it is also implicated in cancer and inflammation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest these connections, but human interaction knowledge is limited due to the recent discovery of LIPG in 1999. Two independent research groups cloned the LIPG gene and identified the novel lipase secreted from endothelial cells. LIPG has garnered recognition for its potential to reduce atherosclerosis by alleviating plaque blockage and its ability to raise High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
LIPG exhibits both phospholipase and triglyceride lipase activities (PubMed:12032167, PubMed:10318835, PubMed:10192396). It is more active as a phospholipase than a triglyceride lipase (PubMed:12032167). LIPG hydrolyzes triglycerides, including those with short-chain fatty acyl groups (tributyrin) and long-chain fatty acyl groups (triolein), with similar activity levels toward both types of substrates (PubMed:12032167). LIPG hydrolyzes high-density lipoproteins (HDL) more efficiently than other lipoproteins (PubMed:12032167, PubMed:10192396).
LIPG is also known as EDL, EL, PRO719.
