BTG2
Description
The BTG2 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
BTG2, also known as BTG family member 2, NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3, or NGF-inducible protein TIS21, is a protein encoded by the BTG2 gene. It regulates cell cycle progression and proneural gene expression by acting as a transcription coregulator. BTG2 is the human homolog of the PC3 (pheochromocytoma cell 3) protein in rats and the Tis21 (tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence 21) protein in mice. It was originally identified as a sequence induced by p53 and DNA damage in human cells. BTG2 is a member of the BTG/Tob family, which contains proteins with antiproliferative properties. BTG2 specifically inhibits the activity of the cyclin D1 promoter, negatively regulating a cell cycle checkpoint at the G1 to S phase transition. Studies have shown that BTG2 expression is associated with neurogenic asymmetric division in neural progenitor cells. Tis21-GFP is used as a neurogenic marker, as it is present in early-born neurons and interacts with neuron-producing intermediate progenitor cells. When overexpressed in neural progenitor cells, BTG2 induces their differentiation.
BTG2 acts as an anti-proliferative protein by associating with deadenylase subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex, specifically CNOT6 and CNOT7. This association activates mRNA deadenylation, while BTG2 can also directly inhibit the deadenylase activity of CNOT7 and CNOT8 in vitro. BTG2 plays a role in cell cycle regulation, potentially influencing the growth arrest and differentiation of neuronal precursors. It also modulates transcription regulation mediated by the estrogen receptor ESR1, is involved in mitochondrial depolarization and neurite outgrowth, and interacts with proteins like PRKCABP, CNOT7, CNOT8, and PIN1.
BTG2 is also known as APRO1, PC3, TIS21.
