BRD2

Description

The BRD2 (bromodomain containing 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.

BRD2 (Bromodomain-containing protein 2) is a human protein encoded by the BRD2 gene. It belongs to the BET protein family, which also includes BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT. BRD2 is a mitogen-activated kinase that localizes to the nucleus. The BRD2 gene is located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6p21.3. While its gene location is in the MHC region, BRD2 is not involved in the immune response. Its homology to the Drosophila gene female sterile homeotic suggests a role in growth control through a signal transduction pathway. BRD2 has been implicated in cancer. Loss of BRD2 in mice leads to obesity without diabetes, although the reason for this is unknown. BRD2 may have overlapping functions with its close homolog, BRD3. BET inhibitors block BRD2 function. BRD2 interacts with E2F2 and many transcription factors, including GATA1.

BRD2 is a chromatin reader protein that recognizes and binds acetylated histones, specifically H4K5ac and H4K12ac. This binding controls gene expression and chromatin remodeling. It recruits transcription factors and coactivators to target gene sites, activating RNA polymerase II for transcriptional elongation. BRD2 plays a key role in genome compartmentalization by associating with CTCF and cohesin. Recruited by CTCF, it promotes the formation of topologically associating domains (TADs) through its binding to acetylated histones. This contributes to CTCF boundary formation and enhancer insulation. BRD2 also recognizes and binds acetylated non-histone proteins, such as STAT3. It is involved in the inflammatory response by regulating the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T-cells into T-helper Th17 cells. Specifically, it recognizes and binds STAT3 acetylated at 'Lys-87', promoting STAT3 recruitment to chromatin. In addition to acetylated lysines, BRD2 also recognizes and binds lysine residues on histones that are both methylated and acetylated to form N6-acetyl-N6-methyllysine (Kacme), an epigenetic mark of active chromatin associated with increased transcriptional initiation. It specifically binds histone H4 acetyl-methylated at 'Lys-5' and 'Lys-12' (H4K5acme and H4K12acme, respectively).

BRD2 is also known as BRD2-IT1, D6S113E, FSH, FSHRG1, FSRG1, NAT, O27.1.1, RING3, RNF3.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing