ATG9B
Description
The ATG9B (autophagy related 9B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
ATG9B is a protein encoded by the ATG9B gene in humans. It plays a key role in regulating autophagy, a cellular process that involves the degradation of cellular components through lysosomes. ATG9B also functions as an antisense transcript, regulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 gene. Mutations in ATG9B and disruptions in autophagy have been linked to various cancers. The gene exhibits alternative splicing, resulting in multiple transcript variants.
ATG9B acts as a phospholipid scramblase, playing a crucial role in autophagy by facilitating the expansion of autophagosomal membranes. It cycles between the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS) and the cytoplasmic vesicle pool, providing membrane material for the growing autophagosome. ATG9B's lipid scramblase activity is key in preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly, as it distributes phospholipids (received from ATG2A or ATG2B) from the cytoplasmic leaflet to the luminal leaflet of the bilayer, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion. Beyond autophagy, ATG9B has been implicated in necrotic cell death.
ATG9B is also known as APG9L2, NOS3AS, SONE.
