AOX1
Description
The AOX1 (aldehyde oxidase 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) is an enzyme encoded by the AOX1 gene in humans. It produces hydrogen peroxide and, under specific conditions, can catalyze the formation of superoxide. AOX1 is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) is a versatile enzyme with broad substrate specificity. It oxidizes aromatic azaheterocycles like N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium, and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. AOX1 plays a crucial role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. It participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs like famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, a potent antiviral agent. AOX1 is likely involved in regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis. It can be a significant source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. It can also catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production through the reduction of nitrite to NO using NADH or aldehyde as an electron donor. AOX1 may also play a role in adipogenesis.
AOX1 is also known as AO, AOH1.
