GRIA3
Description
The GRIA3 (glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
Glutamate receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIA3 gene. Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits, each possessing transmembrane regions, and all arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. This gene belongs to a family of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. Alternative splicing at this locus results in several different isoforms which may vary in their signal transduction properties. Genome studies have uncovered a tentative link between defective GRIA3 variants and a highly elevated risk of schizophrenia. GRIA3 has been shown to interact with GRIP1 and PICK1. Several ion channels and neurotransmitters receptors pre-mRNA as substrates for ADARs. This includes 5 subunits of the glutamate receptor: ionotropic AMPA glutamate receptor subunits (GluA2, GluA3, GluA4) and kainate receptor subunits (GluK1, GluK2).
GRIA3, also known as Glutamate receptor 3, is a receptor for glutamate that functions as a ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of L-glutamate to GRIA3 induces a conformational change, opening the cation channel and converting the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then rapidly desensitizes and enters a transient inactive state with bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4, CACNG7, or CACNG8, GRIA3 shows resensitization, characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued glutamate application.
GRIA3 is also known as GLUR-C, GLUR-K3, GLUR3, GLURC, GluA3, MRX94, MRXSW, iGluR3.
