ARID1B : AT-rich interaction domain 1B
Description
The ARID1B (AT-rich interaction domain 1B) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
The ARID1B gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms one piece (subunit) of several different SWI/SNF protein complexes. SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) by a process known as chromatin remodeling. Chromatin is the network of DNA and proteins that packages DNA into chromosomes. The structure of chromatin can be changed (remodeled) to alter how tightly DNA is packaged. Chromatin remodeling is one way gene expression is regulated during development; when DNA is tightly packed, gene expression is lower than when DNA is loosely packed. Through their ability to regulate gene activity, SWI/SNF complexes are involved in many processes, including repairing damaged DNA; copying (replicating) DNA; and controlling the growth, division, and maturation (differentiation) of cells. The ARID1B protein and other SWI/SNF subunits are thought to act as tumor suppressors, which keep cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. The ARID1B subunit is able to attach (bind) to DNA and is thought to help target SWI/SNF complexes to the chromatin location that needs to be remodeled.
ARID1B is involved in regulating the activity of genes by remodeling chromatin, which is the complex of DNA and proteins that package DNA into chromosomes. This remodeling process involves altering the structure of chromatin by changing how tightly DNA is packaged, which in turn affects gene expression. ARID1B is a component of two distinct chromatin remodeling complexes: the neural progenitor-specific complex (npBAF) and the neuron-specific complex (nBAF). These complexes play crucial roles in the development of the nervous system, with npBAF being essential for the self-renewal and proliferation of neural stem cells. As neural stem cells differentiate into neurons, the composition of these complexes changes, with npBAF being replaced by nBAF. The nBAF complex, along with another protein called CREST, regulates the activity of genes involved in dendrite growth. ARID1B can bind to DNA nonspecifically, which may help target these complexes to specific locations within the chromatin.
ARID1B is also known as 6A3-5, BAF250B, BRIGHT, CSS1, DAN15, ELD/OSA1, MRD12, OSA2, P250R, SMARCF2.
