TXN2
Description
The TXN2 (thioredoxin 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 22.
TXN2, also known as Thioredoxin, mitochondrial or thioredoxin-2, is a protein encoded by the TXN2 gene on chromosome 22. It belongs to the thioredoxin family, a group of small, multifunctional redox-active proteins. TXN2 is specifically localized to mitochondria, where it plays important roles in regulating mitochondrial membrane potential and protecting against oxidant-induced apoptosis. It is a 12-kDa protein characterized by the redox active site Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys, which exists in an oxidized (inactive) or reduced (active) form. The disulfide bond in the oxidized form is reduced by thioredoxin reductase and NADPH to a dithiol, enabling its function as a disulfide reductase. Unlike its counterpart TXN1, TXN2 contains a mitochondrial targeting sequence and lacks structural cysteines. Two mRNA transcripts of the TXN2 gene, differing by ~330 bp in the 3'-untranslated region, are believed to be present in vivo. TXN2 is ubiquitously expressed in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, with particularly high expression in metabolically active tissues such as the stomach, testis, ovary, liver, heart, neurons, and adrenal gland.
TXN2 is also known as COXPD29, MT-TRX, MTRX, TRX2, TXN.
