GBP2

Description

The GBP2 (guanylate binding protein 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.

Interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GBP2 gene. GBP2 is a gene related to the superfamily of large GTPases which can be induced mainly by interferon gamma. GBP2 gene is located in a various compartment in the cell: nucleus, cytosol and cytoskeleton and also the dimer GBP2-GBP5 localise to the Golgi apparatus. In addition, the Isoprenylation is required to regulate the intracellular localization and the membrane association of GBP2. The murine GBP2 gene is not just highly activated by the interferon-gamma during macrophages activation but also by the stimulation of Toll-like receptors, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interleukin 1 beta. After the stimulation of interferon gamma, GPB2 murine is expressed in the innate and adaptive immune cells. Sequence analysis of GBP2 showed the presence of an RNA binding domain which comprises a three RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and SR domain. The amino terminus of GBp2 shares a four Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeat motifs and nine serine residues in the context of arginine/serine motifs. The SR domain of GBP2 is a phosphorylation site for SR specific protein kinase SRPK (sky1) which lead a nuclear localization of GBP2. The porcine GBP2 present a high similarity regarding the N-terminal which present a globular domain and contain the GTPase function.

GBP2, also known as GTP-binding protein 2, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein 2, or Interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2, is an interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPase that plays a crucial role in innate immunity against a wide range of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. It hydrolyzes GTP to GMP in two consecutive cleavage reactions, with GDP being the primary product. Upon infection, GBP2 is recruited to pathogen-containing vacuoles or vacuole-escaped bacteria, where it acts as a positive regulator of inflammasome assembly by promoting the release of inflammasome ligands from bacteria. GBP2 further contributes to pathogen elimination by promoting the lysis of pathogen-containing vacuoles, releasing pathogens into the cytosol. This release facilitates the recruitment of proteins that mediate bacterial cytolysis, leading to the liberation of ligands detected by inflammasomes. These ligands include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which activates the non-canonical CASP4/CASP11 inflammasome, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which activates the AIM2 inflammasome. GBP2 also provides protection against the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Notably, independently of its GTPase activity, GBP2 acts as an inhibitor of various viral infectivity, including HIV-1, Zika, and influenza A viruses, by inhibiting FURIN-mediated maturation of viral envelope proteins.

GBP2 is also known as -.

Associated Diseases

WES Whole Exome Sequencing