FOXM1
Description
The FOXM1 (forkhead box M1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 12.
FOXM1 is a protein encoded by the FOXM1 gene in humans. It belongs to the FOX family of transcription factors and plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, peaking in activity during S and G2/M phases. FOXM1 is essential for mitotic division, as demonstrated by the neonatal lethality of FOXM1-null mouse embryos due to polyploid cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. FOXM1 regulates the expression of numerous G2/M-specific genes, including Plk1, cyclin B2, Nek2, and CENPF, contributing to the maintenance of chromosomal segregation and genomic stability. FOXM1 is also a human proto-oncogene, with abnormal upregulation linked to the oncogenesis of basal cell carcinoma and a variety of other solid human cancers including liver, breast, lung, prostate, cervix of uterus, colon, and brain. There are three FOXM1 isoforms in humans, A, B, and C. FOXM1A acts as a gene transcriptional repressor, while isoforms B and C are both transcriptional activators.
FOXM1 regulates the expression of cell cycle genes essential for DNA replication and mitosis (PubMed:19160488, PubMed:20360045). It contributes to the control of cell proliferation (PubMed:19160488). It also plays a role in DNA break repair, participating in the DNA damage checkpoint response (PubMed:17101782). FOXM1 promotes transcription of PHB2 (PubMed:33754036).
FOXM1 is also known as FKHL16, FOXM1A, FOXM1B, FOXM1C, HFH-11, HFH11, HNF-3, INS-1, MPHOSPH2, MPP-2, MPP2, PIG29, TRIDENT.
