FMO5
Description
The FMO5 (flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 5) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
FMO5, encoded by the FMO5 gene, is an enzyme involved in the metabolic N-oxidation of the dietary compound trimethylamine (TMA). It is a member of the flavin-containing monooxygenase family, which catalyzes the oxidation of soft nucleophilic heteroatom centers in various compounds. FMO5, along with FMO1 and FMO3, is located in the 1q23-q25 region of the genome. FMO5 is distinct from other FMO forms in its lack of activity on 'classical' substrates such as drugs, pesticides, and dietary components containing soft nucleophilic heteroatoms.
FMO5 acts as a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, catalyzing the insertion of an oxygen atom into a carbon-carbon bond adjacent to a carbonyl group, converting ketones to esters. It exhibits activity on various carbonyl compounds but is generally inactive or poorly active on soft nucleophiles, unlike other FMO forms. FMO5 is known to oxidize drug molecules with a carbonyl group on an aliphatic chain, including nabumetone and pentoxifylline. In the absence of substrates, it displays slow but significant NADPH oxidase activity. FMO5 positively regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and glucose homeostasis, contributing to metabolic aging through pleiotropic effects.
FMO5 is also known as hBVMO1.
Associated Diseases
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- achalasia-alacrima syndrome
- Senior-Boichis syndrome
- obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency
- hepatorenocardiac degenerative fibrosis
- cancer
