ETF1
Description
The ETF1 (eukaryotic translation termination factor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 5.
ETF1, also known as eRF1, TB3-1, or SUP45L1, is a protein encoded by the ERF1 gene. It is essential for the survival and maintenance of cells due to its role in translation termination. Mutations in ETF1's binding and catalytic sites can cause improper translation termination, leading to cell death. ETF1 also protects the cell from producing detrimental proteins from nonsense mutations. ETF1 is a Y-shaped protein with three major domains: a stem and two branches. Each domain has a specific function and distinct folding pattern, contributing to the protein's proper function. All domains share a basic α-β sandwich structure, consisting of a β-sheet core surrounded by α-helices. Domain 1, or the N domain, contains a β-sheet core with four strands surrounded by two α-helices (α2 and α3).
ETF1 is a component of the eRF1-eRF3-GTP complex, a ternary complex that mediates translation termination in response to the termination codons. The eRF1-eRF3-GTP complex binds to a stop codon in the ribosomal A-site. ETF1 is responsible for stop codon recognition and inducing hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA. Following GTP hydrolysis, eRF3 dissociates, permitting ETF1 to accommodate fully in the A-site and mediate hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA. ETF1 is a component of the transient SURF complex which recruits UPF1 to stalled ribosomes in the context of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. ETF1 is required for SHFL-mediated translation termination which inhibits programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) of mRNA from viruses and cellular genes.
ETF1 is also known as D5S1995, ERF, ERF1, RF1, SUP45L1, TB3-1.
