ENOX2
Description
The ENOX2 (ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome X.
ENOX2 is a gene located on the long arm of the X chromosome in humans. It encodes the protein Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2, a member of the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. Ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2 is a growth-related cell surface protein. It was identified because it reacts with the monoclonal antibody K1 in cells, such as the ovarian carcinoma line OVCAR-3, also expressing the CAKI surface glycoprotein. The encoded protein has two enzymatic activities: catalysis of hydroquinone or NADH oxidation, and protein disulfide interchange. The two activities alternate with a period length of about 24 minutes. The encoded protein also displays prion-like properties. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. The human ENOX2 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the X chromosome in humans, at region 2 band 6 sub band 1, from base pair 130,622,330 to 130,903,317 (build GRCh38.p7) (map). The gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, mouse, rat, chicken, and zebrafish.
ENOX2 is likely involved in regulating cell growth and acts as a terminal oxidase in the plasma membrane. It facilitates electron transport from NAD(P)H in the cytosol to acceptors on the cell surface, utilizing hydroquinones as intermediates. ENOX2 exhibits a unique characteristic of alternating between hydroquinone oxidase activity and protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity. This dynamic interplay is believed to control physical membrane rearrangements associated with vesicle budding and cell enlargement, occurring with a periodicity of approximately 22 minutes. This oscillatory behavior suggests a role for ENOX2 in the regulation of the ultradian cellular biological clock.
ENOX2 is also known as APK1, COVA1, tNOX.
