EHD3
Description
The EHD3 (EH domain containing 3) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
EHD3, also known as PAST3, is a protein encoded by the EHD3 gene. It is found in humans, mice, and rats and belongs to the EHD protein family, a group of four membrane remodeling proteins related to the Dynamin superfamily of large GTPases. While the four EHD proteins share a high degree of amino acid similarity (70-80%), they have different locations within the cell. EHD3's primary function is related to endocytic transport. The protein contains 535 amino acids, with almost three-quarters of them being common to all four EHD proteins. EHD3 has a molecular mass of 60887 daltons. The secondary structure of the EHD3 protein is still unknown, and its tertiary structure is related to the domains it is formed of.
EHD3 is an ATP- and membrane-binding protein that controls membrane reorganization and tubulation upon ATP hydrolysis. It causes tubulation of endocytic membranes in vitro and its membrane tubulation activity is induced by binding to phosphatidic acid. EHD3 plays a role in endocytic transport, including early endosome to recycling endosome compartment (ERC), retrograde early endosome to Golgi, and endosome to plasma membrane (rapid recycling) protein transport. It is involved in the regulation of Golgi maintenance and morphology. EHD3 is involved in the recycling of internalized D1 dopamine receptor, plays a role in cardiac protein trafficking, and is involved in the ventricular membrane targeting of SLC8A1 and CACNA1C and probably the atrial membrane localization of CACNA1GG and CACNA1H, all of which are implicated in the regulation of atrial myocyte excitability and cardiac conduction. In conjunction with EHD4, EHD3 may be involved in endocytic trafficking of KDR/VEGFR2, which is implicated in control of glomerular function. EHD3 is involved in the rapid recycling of integrin beta-3, which is implicated in cell adhesion maintenance. It also plays a role in the unidirectional retrograde dendritic transport of endocytosed BACE1 and in efficient sorting of BACE1 to axons, suggesting a role in neuronal APP processing. EHD3 plays a role in the formation of the ciliary vesicle, an early step in cilium biogenesis, possibly sharing redundant functions with EHD1.
EHD3 is also known as PAST3.
