EGLN2
Description
The EGLN2 (egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
Egl nine homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGLN2 gene. ELGN2 is an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase, a superfamily of non-haem iron-containing proteins. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional complex which is involved in oxygen homeostasis. At normal oxygen levels, the alpha subunit of HIF is targeted for degradation by prolyl hydroxylation. This gene encodes an enzyme responsible for this posttranslational modification. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Prolyl hydroxylase that mediates hydroxylation of proline residues in target proteins, such as ATF4, IKBKB, CEP192 and HIF1A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519, PubMed:16509823, PubMed:17114296, PubMed:23932902). Target proteins are preferentially recognized via a LXXLAP motif (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:12181324, PubMed:15925519, PubMed:19339211). Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:12181324, PubMed:15925519). Also hydroxylates HIF2A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF2A (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is attenuated allowing HIFs to escape degradation resulting in their translocation to the nucleus, heterodimerization with HIF1B, and increased expression of hypoxy- inducible genes (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). EGLN2 is involved in regulating hypoxia tolerance and apoptosis in cardiac and skeletal muscle (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Also regulates susceptibility to normoxic oxidative neuronal death (PubMed:11595184, PubMed:12039559, PubMed:15925519). Links oxygen sensing to cell cycle and primary cilia formation by hydroxylating the critical centrosome component CEP192 which promotes its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:23932902). Hydroxylates IKBKB, mediating NF-kappa-B activation in hypoxic conditions (PubMed:17114296). Also mediates hydroxylation of ATF4, leading to decreased protein stability of ATF4 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q91YE2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11595184, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12039559, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12181324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15925519, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16509823, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17114296, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19339211, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23932902}
EGLN2 is also known as EIT-6, EIT6, HIF-PH1, HIFPH1, HPH-1, HPH-3, PHD1.
