DMAP1
Description
The DMAP1 (DNA methyltransferase 1 associated protein 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DMAP1 gene. This gene encodes a subunit of several, distinct complexes involved in the repression or activation of transcription. The encoded protein can independently repress transcription and is targeted to replication foci throughout S phase by interacting directly with the N-terminus of DNA methyltransferase 1. During late S phase, histone deacetylase 2 is added to this complex, providing a means to deacetylate histones in transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin following replication. The encoded protein is also a component of the nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 complex and interacts with the transcriptional corepressor tumor susceptibility gene 101 and the pro-apoptotic death-associated protein 6, among others. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.
DMAP1 plays a dual role in transcription, participating in both repression and activation. Its interaction with HDAC2 may contribute to histone deacetylation in heterochromatin after DNA replication, particularly at late replication origins. DMAP1 can also repress transcription independently of histone deacetylase activity. It may enhance the repressive effects of DAXX on glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcription. DMAP1 is a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex, which activates specific genes primarily through histone H4 and H2A acetylation. This modification can alter nucleosome-DNA interactions and facilitate the association of modified histones with other transcription-regulating proteins. The NuA4 complex may be essential for activating transcriptional programs involved in oncogene and proto-oncogene-driven growth, tumor suppressor-mediated growth arrest, replicative senescence, apoptosis, and DNA repair. NuA4 might also directly participate in DNA repair when recruited to damaged DNA sites. DMAP1 contributes to the nuclear localization of URI1 and enhances its transcriptional corepressor activity.
DMAP1 is also known as DNMAP1, DNMTAP1, EAF2, MEAF2, SWC4.
