DCAF13
Description
The DCAF13 (DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 13) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 8.
DCAF13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCAF13 gene. DCAF13 is a WD repeat and SOF domain-containing protein. It is a component of the small subunit (SSU) processome, a complex involved in the biogenesis of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome. DCAF13 participates in the 18S rRNA processing in growing oocytes, being essential for oocyte nonsurrounded nucleolus (NSN) to surrounded nucleolus (SN) transition. It is also a substrate-recognition component of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that plays a key role in embryo preimplantation and is required for normal meiotic cycle progression in oocytes. DCAF13 acts as a maternal factor that regulates oocyte and zygotic chromatin tightness during maternal to zygotic transition. It is also involved in the transformation of the endometrium into the decidua, known as decidualization, providing a solid foundation for implantation of blastocysts. DCAF13 recognizes the histone methyltransferases SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 and directs them to polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which facilitates the H3K9me3 removal and early zygotic gene expression, essential steps for progressive genome reprogramming and the establishment of pluripotency during preimplantation embryonic development. DCAF13 supports the spindle assembly and chromosome condensation during oocyte meiotic division by targeting the polyubiquitination and degradation of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that inhibits PI3K pathway as well as oocyte growth and maturation. It also targets PMP22 for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. DCAF13 is part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, composed of more than 70 proteins and the RNA chaperone small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U3. It is a component of the DCX(DCAF13) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, at least composed of CUL4 (CUL4A or CUL4B), DDB1, DCAF13 and RBX1. DCAF13 interacts (via WD40 domain) with DDB1. It also interacts with ESR1 and LATS1.
DCAF13 is a component of the small subunit (SSU) processome, a complex involved in the biogenesis of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. Within the nucleolus, DCAF13 interacts with ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone, and ribosomal proteins. This complex facilitates RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements, and cleavage of pre-ribosomal RNA. Additionally, DCAF13 contributes to the targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome. DCAF13 plays a crucial role in 18S rRNA processing in growing oocytes, facilitating the transition from a nonsurrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN).
DCAF13 is also known as GM83, HSPC064, Sof1, WDSOF1.
