CYP27C1
Description
The CYP27C1 (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily C member 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 2.
CYP27C1 (cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily C, polypeptide 1) is a protein encoded by the CYP27C1 gene in humans. Its Enzyme Commission number is EC 1.14.19.53, and its full accepted name is all-trans-retinol 3,4-desaturase. It is classified as an oxidoreductase that acts on paired donors by reducing oxygen. CYP27C1 is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, which are monooxygenases catalyzing many reactions involved in drug metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids. The primary function of CYP27C1 is the conversion of vitamin A1 (all-trans retinol) to vitamin A2 (all-trans 3,4-dehydroretinal). The basic reaction involves retinol as the initial substrate, converting it to all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol with the assistance of reduced adrenodoxin and oxygen. CYP27C1 exhibits the highest catalytic efficiency with retinol, indicating its primary role in converting vitamin A1 to A2. However, it also converts all-trans retinal, retinoic acid, and 11-cis retinal. Thyroid hormones (TH) may induce this conversion, as TH receptors have been shown to regulate CYP27C1 within the retinal pigment epithelium.
CYP27C1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that converts vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol) to vitamin A2 (all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol) in the skin. It also desaturates all-trans retinal and all-trans retinoic acid with lower efficiency. Minor amounts of 3-hydroxy and 4-hydroxy all-trans-retinol derivatives are also produced. This enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen, inserting one oxygen atom into the substrate and reducing the other into a water molecule. Two electrons are supplied by NADPH through a two-protein mitochondrial transfer system that includes flavoprotein FDXR (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin reductase) and nonheme iron-sulfur protein FDX1 or FDX2 (adrenodoxin/ferredoxin).
CYP27C1 is also known as -.
