CYLC2
Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation: An In-Depth Exploration of cylc2
Description
Cyclins are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle, the process by which cells divide and proliferate. Specifically, cyclins bind to and activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), enzymes that phosphorylate various target proteins, driving the cell through different phases of the cell cycle.
Associated Diseases
Dysregulation of cyclins and CDKs has been implicated in a range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Here are a few examples:
Cancer: Cyclins and CDKs are often overexpressed in cancer cells, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. For instance, cyclin D1 (CCND1) is commonly amplified in breast and lung cancers, while cyclin E1 (CCNE1) overexpression is associated with certain types of leukemia.
Neurodegenerative disorders: Disruptions in cyclin-CDK signaling can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. For example, decreased cyclin D1 levels have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.
Developmental abnormalities: Cyclins are essential for proper embryonic development. Mutations in cyclin genes can lead to developmental defects, such as microcephaly (a small head size) and growth retardation.
Did you Know ?
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), approximately 10% of all human cancers are caused by dysregulation of the cell cycle, highlighting the importance of cyclins and CDKs in cancer development.
