CXCL5
CXCL5: A Critical Chemokine in Inflammation and Disease
Description
CXCL5, also known as epithelial-neutrophil activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), is a small inflammatory chemokine belonging to the CXC subfamily. It is primarily produced by epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and activated neutrophils. CXCL5 exerts its biological effects by binding to and activating the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR2, which is expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, and other immune cells.
CXCL5 plays a crucial role in recruiting and activating neutrophils, the first responders of the innate immune system. It promotes neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, and degranulation, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and the initiation of an inflammatory response.
Associated Diseases
CXCL5 expression is elevated in various inflammatory diseases, including:
- Neutrophilic Asthma: CXCL5 is a key mediator of neutrophilic inflammation in asthma, promoting neutrophil recruitment and activation in the airways.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): CXCL5 levels are increased in COPD patients, contributing to neutrophilic inflammation and airway remodeling.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: CXCL5 is involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to the synovium, leading to inflammation and joint destruction.
- Psoriasis: CXCL5 is overexpressed in psoriatic lesions, promoting neutrophil infiltration and the development of skin plaques.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease: CXCL5 is elevated in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, contributing to neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage.
Did you Know ?
Studies have shown that CXCL5 levels are significantly increased in the sputum of neutrophilic asthma patients during exacerbations. Moreover, elevated CXCL5 expression is associated with a more severe disease phenotype, highlighting its potential role as a biomarker for disease severity and treatment response.
